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Sunday, June 9, 2013

Kemalism In Crisis: The Turkish Protest Movement

Greetings all!


This post comes amid tense events both at home and abroad, and to make up for taking time to allow these events to develop, I plan to write two pieces for this week instead of just one. Today, I shall cover the current protests and social movement which has arisen in Turkey. In light of these protests, this week’s quote comes from Mustafa Kemal Atatürk.

These growing protests in Turkey are a fairly new development, only showing after intense police response to a sit-in against reconstruction in Taksim Square. Originally, the sit-in was intended to shine a light on opposition to redevelopment plans for the area which involved taking away local greenery in favor of new industrialization and buildings. Almost immediately, the Turkish authorities sanctioned the use of tear gas, water cannons, and extensive violence against the participants. This quickly mushroomed into large anti-government action by thousands of civilians, continuing even now. Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan has responded with a sneer, declaring protesters to be violent looters that ally themselves with terrorists.

On the first day of protests, I had thought little of the possible consequences presented for Turkey. I assumed these protests were similar to those which have plagued European nations for years, like those which have occurred in France, the U.K., Sweden, Spain, Portugal, Italy, and Greece. To me, I thought that this would boil down to dissatisfaction with the lack of progress through capitalism, alongside social upheaval that tends to tag along. The only thing I thought strange of these protests was that Turkey had experienced economic prosperity for the most part for years. Weird, perhaps, but I welcomed such events nonetheless.

Needless to say, I received quite a surprise to learn that this movement had evolved to a considerable level, where the protests represent entirely unique concerns not characteristic of a European post-industrial nation. Instead, Turkish protesters face much more immediate and dangerous problems which threaten the very institutions of a nation fought so stridently for in the past. This uprising has two significant faces: secularism vs. Islamism and democracy vs. authoritarianism.

While not the driving facet of the current social upheaval in Turkey, religious issues in Turkey are a topic worth discussion. We must remember that the modern Turkish state was founded by a man who considered religion a barrier to social progress; indeed, Kemalism and the CHP (the opposition Kemalist political party) espouse a secular public sphere. For nearly the entirety of Turkey’s current existence, it was a secular state in which the military readily intervened to prevent religious influence on government. This happened on multiple occasions, with mostly successful though at times questionable results.

However, under Erdogan political Islamism has gained ground in Turkey. A gradual Islamization of Turkish institutions has taken place, supported by the rural Muslims that Turkey hosts in its society. And yet, public support for religious dominance is significantly divided in Turkey, with urban citizens being significantly less religious than those living in smaller areas. This is mostly due to unequal development of Turkey, in that Turkey is a nation with large income inequality that drives strong growth in cities while leaving less populated areas behind. As a result, these areas do not move forward socially either, leaving the nascent local religion (in this case Islam) as a driving force. Previously, these areas were held as the best places for progress on fronts such as education and poverty relief during secular rule. But under Erdogan, the public sphere has shifted to suiting this backwards view of society, thereby imposing new morals on those that chose to reject them and expected support from their government. By flirting with ideas such as bans on alcohol, Erdogan has created a tense atmosphere in which his morals constrict the citizenry, whereas secular morals never truly restrict the private practice of religion. And as Islamism becomes accepted as a legal framework for disputes in Turkey, the dissatisfaction with oppression of the secular citizenry will only grow.

The second face of the Turkish protests is much more prominent: that of true democracy. This is largely the underlying force for those fighting the Turkish government at the moment. For Turkish citizens, democracy is a carefully crafted and well-protected institution worth keeping around; military dictatorship is a frequent casualty should democracy come into question. Instead, it is preferable that Turkey maintains a democratic tradition and continues to elect its leaders instead of having the military orchestrate government as it sees fit. And while Erdogan has been elected to government, elections are not the only defining aspects of democracy. Indeed, Turkey is not entirely free; it has imprisoned many journalists, and Turkish media is effectively controlled by the state. Peaceful opposition is not a complete right in Turkish society now, and this is why those in Turkey feel the need to fight back. Authoritarianism is wrong for them, just as it should be.

In light of this, I hope protests continue. I hope they grow in strength, and that their righteousness is recognized. I wish to see Turkey return to its secular roots, and for Turkish society to prosper in the modern world without turning to autocracy. I wish to see Erdogan fall out of power, even if that must mean military intervention to see it happen.


That is all for tonight, and I hope I've provided a good read for all. As always, your feedback is encouraged through comments, my email at zerospintop@live.com, my Facebook, Twitter, Google+, Steam, DeviantArt, Tumblr, and Reddit accounts. Good night, and this is KnoFear, signing off. 

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